论人口、环境与可持续发展

运用社会生态学、经济伦理学和人口经济学等跨学科研究方法 ,揭示了人口环境系统的特征、动因及其容量。描述了人口对环境的压力和环境对人口的威胁。预测了全球与中国面临的人口环境挑战。     

农业科研单位专用材料管理的创新

结合实际对进一步加强专用材料的管理进行了探索与思考，提出了制定规章制度、强化采购程序、加强领用保管、强化专用材料台账管理等对策。     

试论预创业理念对高校学生社团可持续发展的作用

预创业理念着眼于高校创业型人才的培养,对高校社团的可持续发展具有重要的指导和启示作用。从预创业理念的内涵出发,分析高校社团发展过程中遭遇的困境及预创业理念指导社团发展的可行性,并就高校社团推行预创业理念的具体做法进行相应探索。     

利用智能推荐技术改进电子科研档案网络服务质量探讨

改进电子科研档案网络服务质量的智能推荐方法主要包括关联规则的推荐方法、协作过滤推荐技术和聚类方法的推荐技术三种。这些智能推荐方法在客户浏览、检索和购买电子档案产品过程中,对于评价客户的需求、期望和优秀服务的感知度具有广泛的应用。智能推荐方法可评价客户对电子科研档案网络服务和网络资源的满意度,进而向客户推荐适当的电子产品的手段,必将极大地提高电子科研档案网络服务质量。     

数据挖掘的技术特点及发展现状

首先给出数据挖掘所涉及的技术领域及其研究特点，介绍了数据仓库与一般事务数据库的区别，基于对典型数据挖掘算法的基本原理、实现技术及应用领域的分析，论证了数据挖掘是当前信息技术的一个核心研究内容。文章的最后给出了未来数据挖掘的研究方向及发展趋势。     

Plant communities, species diversity, richness, and regeneration of a traditionally managed coastal forest, Kenya

The Kenyan coastal forests make up one of the World 25 Biodiversity Hotspots. They consist of over 140 fragments (the majority with areas less than 0.5 km²) of the once extensive Zanzibar-Inhambane lowland moist forest. The over 60 known Mijikenda sacred Kaya forests and groves scattered along the coastal hinterland form the greater part of this ecosystem. The forests are of biological and cultural significance, and this has been recognized nationally and internationally, with some now listed as World Heritage Sites. The forests are protected by councils of Kaya elders who regulate use of their resources. Increasing human population and subsequent rise in demand for forest products and land for settlement has put a strain on these relic forests. Farm encroachment and extraction of forest products in different Kaya forests have affected the vegetation ecology at varying levels. This study investigated the spatial species distribution, association and regeneration potential of commonly utilized plants in one of these traditionally managed ecosystems. A modified nested plot method was used to collect data in the field.Using TWINSPAN multivariate, and indicator species analysis, two plant communities (Asteranthe and Bridelia) and an undifferentiated vegetation type were identified. Species association in Asteranthe consisted largely of forest dependant species, with a significant presence of woody climbers. It was comprised of two sub-communities namely Manilkara and Scorodophloeos. In contrast the second plant community, Bridelia, was dominated by light demanding species. It comprised one sub-community (Catunaregam) and a seral stage (Keetia). The species diversity and richness was higher in the Asteranthe community compared to Bridelia. Some of the forest species commonly utilized by the local people were observed to regenerate both in open and closed forest habitats while others had seedling recruitment confined to closed forest.Despite some coastal forests showing physiognomic similarity, detailed study shows intra-variation linked to topography, exposition, type and intensity of human perturbation both currently and in the distant past. Clearly, vegetation patterns of coastal forests of eastern Africa change at fairly short intervals.Recruitment of forest specialists is likely to decline if closed forests are opened up by farm encroachment, however their less specialized counterparts can pioneer in re-colonization of disturbed sites if conservation is strengthened. There is need to invigorate traditional management systems of forests with cultural significance by recognizing and giving increased legal mandates to the local custodians.     

不同品种牧草间组合时体外产气发酵特性研究

采用体外发酵产气技术研究了鲁梅克斯杂交酸模-三叶草分别与皇竹草、桂牧1号、冬牧70、矮象草、牛鞭草、黑麦草和苏丹草按0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25和100∶0的比例进行组合时的体外发酵产气特性。结果表明,当鲁梅克斯-三叶草分别与皇竹、桂牧1号和冬牧70组合时,产气量和理论最大产气量以鲁梅克斯-三叶草占75%时最高,而与黑麦草组合时则以25%时最高,并显著(P<0.05)高于其占75%的组合。与矮象草和苏丹草组合时以其占50%时最高,而与牛鞭草组合时则以50%最低。当鲁梅克斯-三叶草与除黑麦草之外的牧草组合时,产气速率随鲁梅克斯-三叶草所占比例的上升而上升,与黑麦草组合时,产气速率则呈相反方向变化,但不同组合比例间无显著差异。当鲁梅克斯-三叶草与除皇竹、桂牧1号、牛鞭草和冬牧70以外的禾本科牧草组合时,不同比例的牧草组合不同发酵时间点之间的正组合效应达到了显著水平。结论认为,3种牧草间组合可不同程度地提高牧草的体外发酵产气量。     

多年生人工草地矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)种群空间格局与种内关联性

植物种群空间分布格局不仅反映植物的空间分布特点,还有助于研究者了解植物利用资源的现状和生存能力。本研究以矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)为研究对象,按株丛斑块面积将矮生嵩草分为小斑块级株丛(0～30 cm²)、中斑块级株丛(30～80 cm²)和大斑块级株丛(>80 cm²)3个株丛级,采用点格局分析的g函数统计方法,分析了矮生嵩草各级株丛的空间格局及关联性。结果表明：矮生嵩草种群中小斑块级株丛占比高于中斑块、大斑块级株丛占比,种群中幼苗充足,正处于稳定的增长阶段;矮生嵩草小斑块、中斑块、大斑块级株丛在小尺度范围内表现为聚集分布,随着尺度的增大,所有株丛斑块的聚集程度减弱,逐渐趋向于随机分布;小斑块与中斑块、大斑块的矮生嵩草株丛在小尺度内表现为正关联。斑块聚集分布和相互共存是矮生嵩草的一种生存策略。     

水牛MFSD2A基因多态性及其与产奶性状的关联分析

【目的】研究水牛主要促进因子超家族成员2a(major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a,MFSD2A)基因多态性,并筛选与水牛产奶性状相关联的SNP。【方法】采集383头健康水牛血液DNA,利用PCR扩增和Sequenom MassARRAY飞行时间质谱技术对SNP位点进行筛选及基因型检测,并进行遗传多样性、连锁不平衡(LD)和单倍型分析,以及对不同基因型和单倍型与水牛产奶性状进行关联分析。【结果】在水牛MFSD2A基因中检出7个SNPs位点,多态信息含量(PIC)均在0.25~0.40之间,属于中度多态,除g.8290 T＞C位点外,其余位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05);关联分析结果表明,这7个SNPs位点与305 d产奶量均显著关联(P＜0.05),且突变杂合子基因型的305 d产奶量是3种基因型中最低的,g.568 C＞G和g.701 A＞G位点与乳脂率显著关联(P＜0.05),乳脂率从大到小依次为突变纯合子＞野生纯合子＞突变杂合子,g.568 C＞G、g.3326 G＞A、g.8290 T＞C和g.8523 C＞G位点与乳蛋白率显著关联(P＜0.05),7个SNPs位点与乳尿素氮关联均不显著(P＞0.05);连锁不平衡和单倍型分析结果明,g.568 C＞G、g.701 A＞G和g.3203 T＞G位点可组成一个单倍型模块(Block 1),g.8523 C＞G和g.9138 G＞T位点可组成另一个单倍型模块(Block 2)。其中g.568 C＞G和g.701 A＞G、g.568 C＞G和g.3326 G＞A、g.8523 C＞G和g.9138 G＞T位点的r²分别为0.87、0.37和0.48,处于强连锁不平衡状态。Block 1中的H1(CAG)单倍型乳蛋白率显著高于H2(CAT)和H3(GCT)(P＜0.05),Block 2中的D3(GG)单倍型305 d产奶量极显著高于D1(CG)和D2(CT)(P＜0.01)。【结论】筛选出的MFSD2A基因7个SNPs位点与305 d产奶量均显著关联,g.568 C＞G和g.701 A＞G位点与乳脂率显著关联,g.568 C＞G、g.701 A＞G、g.3326 G＞A、g.8290 T＞C和g.8523 C＞G位点与乳蛋白率显著关联,这7个SNPs位点与乳尿素氮均无显著关联。纯合子的基因型在高305 d产奶量和乳脂率的选择上更有优势,H1(CAG)和D3(GG)单倍型是提高水牛305 d产奶量和乳蛋白率的有利单倍型。     

高原鼠兔刈割对青海湖流域高寒草甸植物种间关联的影响

高原鼠兔喜欢刈割茂密高寒草甸中高大植物而影响植物群落内的种间关系。采用方差比率法、χ²检验和Spearman秩相关分析相结合的方法,分析了高原鼠兔刈割行为对高山嵩草草甸植物群落种间关联的影响。结果表明：高原鼠兔刈割会促进植物群落的种间总体联结从不显著正关联变为显著负关联,降低植物群落稳定性,减少植物群落内正关联和正相关的种对数量,增加负关联、无关联和负相关的种对数量。而综合χ²检验结果、AC值和OI指数,洞口植物群落大部分种对的种间关联均不显著,种间联结程度不强。这表明χ²检验和Spearman秩相关分析能够评价小型草食动物对植物群落种间关联的影响,为全面解析高原鼠兔整体干扰驱动植物群落结构变化提供了基础信息。